Discovering Sicke Cell Anemia Essay -- essays research papers

Discovering Sicke Cell Anemia The topic that I am learning about is Sickle Cell Anemia, a hereditary disease which affects red blood cells. Throughout this research paper, I will discuss what exactly it is, how it is caused, any known treatments or cures, and many other facts that are important in this disease. Sickle Cell Anemia is a health problem throughout the world. More than 250,000 babies are born worldwide with this inherited blood cell disorder (http://www.medaccess.com/h_child/sickle/sca_01.htm). The disorder causes red blood cells to extend into a sickle shape which clogs the arteries.Persistant pain and life-threatening infections result from the illness. About one in 400 black newborns in the U.S. have sickle cell anemia. And one in 12 black Americans carry the sickle cell trait (http://www.medaccess.com/h_ child/sickle/sca_01.htm). This leaves a good chance that the parent with the trait can pass the defect onto offspring although their own health is not harmed. The cause of sickle cell anemia is rather simple but it leaves a life threatening affect. Anyone who carries the inherited trait for sickle cell anemia, but doesn't have the disorder, is actually protected from a severe form of malaria. This helped the children in countries where malaria was a problem, to be able to survive against that disease. What happened to those children? They grew up, had their own children and ended up passing the gene for sickle cell anemia onto their offspring. This disease is a hereditary blood disorder that affects the red blood cell. Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin which transports oxygen from your lungs to every part of your body. Hemoglobin's oxygen carrying ability is essential for living but if there is a structural defect on the pigmented molecule, it can be fatal. When a normal red blood cell distributes its oxygen, it has a disc shape. But when an affected red blood cell containing sickle cell hemoglobin releases its oxygen, the image of the cell changes from a disc shape to a sickled shape. In hemoglobin, there are four chains of amino acids. Two are know as alpha chains, and two are called beta chains. In a normal hemoglobin, the amino acid in the sixth position on the beta chain is known as glutamic acid (refer to diagram 1.1 on page 6). During sickle cell anemia, the glutamic acid is pushed out of its place and replaced wi... ...ease, I have learned many new details about it. I realized that even the slightest change in the sequence of amino acids can lead to very harmful effects. In this disease, only one amino acid was substituted and still the illness is very harsh. I also learned how exactly the cells deform and why they go into a sickle shape. It was very interesting to learn that the disease mostly effects African Americans. I also learned that when the sickles get clogged in an artery, it results in a very painful attack on the person and may cause them to have an episode. When episodes occur, the patient may have to go into a hospital for pain killers. The disease also can lead to ulcers, strokes, paralysis, decay of tissues, and many other problems throughout the persons entire life. Sickle Cell Anemia is a very serious disease that effects a person and there way of life. It doesn't have a known cure yet but many treatments and therapy are available. If a person has this disease, it is life-threatening and painful attacks can occur at any time, anywhere. It is important to know the causes and reasons for the disease so that you can relate to what a person with Sickle Cell Anemia is going through.

Open and Closed Source Systems

Open and Closed Source System POS 355 Open Source Operating Systems The following paper will discuss open source and closed source computer systems that are used in today’s technology world. These systems are available with licensing rights as well as with the source coding available for use. Computer software that is available with the source coding for redistribution is known as Open Source Software (OSS). The computer software source code contains all of the modifications and the works needed for redistribution.The licensing of the open source software allows the users to learn more about the software by upgrading, modifying, and making any necessary changes to the software without costing the user any money. The open source software also provides the user the ability to share out the software without any costs being involved. Currently there is variety of open source software available for users in the technology environments. These categories of software are but not limit ed to server software, operating systems, application software, and programming language software.There are many items under each category of software. For example, application software contains web browsers such as Mozilla Firefox, Office Suite for office applications, and 7-zip for decompressing zip files. Some operating systems that are included are Linux and Android OS. Closed Source Operating Systems In today’s technology environments, there are types of software that restrict the user’s ability to broaden the software use in many different environments. Closed source software is also known as propriety software.This software is only available without the source code and is licensed under limited rights, which is provided only by the copyright owner of the software. The purchaser of the closed source software is authorized to use the software without the ability to modify, upgrade, update, or make any necessary changes while utilizing software. The propriety softw are is typically only owned by a single organization that possesses the only legal rights needed to modify the software use.The only method of making any changes to the software would be to purchase a change of any type directly from the copyright holder. In other words, the proprietary software is the property of the owner / developer / publisher that cannot be copied or modified, with an appropriate price and need to comply the license agreement (National Taiwan University, 1991). These types of changes in most cases are very costly and are not an everyday occurrence. There are many examples of closed source systems.These examples are but not limited to Microsoft Server 2000, Windows XP, and Microsoft Windows 7. Most computer systems today are solely operated by some sort of propriety software. In conclusion, Today there is various uses for many types of software systems in all networking machines. Prior to purchasing system software, one must be educated on the type of software t hat is being purchased. Lack of education on software may cause issues if changes to system software are needed later on down the road.If a user needs to be able to make changes to their software, the user will have to have purchased open source software in the beginning. If no changes will ever be needed, closed source software will be sufficient for their system. References Stallings, W. (2012). Operating systems: Internals and design principles (7th ed. ). Boston, MA: Prentice Hall. Open Source Initiative. (n. d). The Open Source Definition. Retrieved from: http://opensource. org/docs/osd

Domestic Violence The Horrific Effects Of Abuse

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: The Horrifying Effects of Abuse â€Å"To those who abuse: the sin yours, the crime is yours, and the shame is yours. To those who protect the perpetrators: blaming the victims only masks the evil within, making you as guilty as those who abuse. Stand up for the innocent or go down with the rest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  These are the words of an individual who sees too clearly the injustice which comes with domestic violence toward women. The United States government estimates one in every four women will experience domestic violence in her lifetime. Domestic abuse remains a significant social problem in many towns, cities and neighborhoods and though the victims involved may often remain silent, its emotional, psychological and physical effects still linger on. Domestic violence defined by law according The United States Department of Justice is â€Å"†¦a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner.† The harrowing details of many stories narrated by women nation-wide will continue to place domestic violence in the societal spotlight. It is considered a national crime; however, there are many who still debate its exaggeration and the justice that it should accompany. The traditional theories of justice are contradictorily blind to the injustice women face on a daily basis. Many philosophers, traditionalists and post-modernists maintain the notion that a woman’s role is mostly in her privateShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Intimate Partner Violence On Children Essay811 Words   |  4 Pages The effects of intimate partner violence are attenuating and extend far beyond physical scarring. 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